Unauthorized use is prohibited.Ĭaesar was dead, but Cleopatra’s relationship with Rome was far from over.
Soon, though, she returned to Alexandria, where she is thought to have had her brother assassinated by poison before taking up her throne once more alongside Caesarion. ( Egypt's last pharaoh was the 'love child' of Caesar and Cleopatra.)Ĭleopatra and Caesar’s relationship lasted until his murder on the Ides of March in 44 B.C., at the hands of his enemies in the Senate.Ĭleopatra had been on an extended visit to Rome at the time of Caesar’s murder and briefly remained there in the hopes of convincing the Romans to recognize Caesarion as the rightful heir of Roman power. (No, this is not the origin of the term “cesarean section.”) She gave birth to a child her contemporaries assumed to be Caesar’s son, whom she named Caesarion. With Egypt in the hands of Caesar, Cleopatra took back the throne as her own, swiftly married her 12-year-old brother, Ptolemy XIV, and declared him her co-ruler. In 47 B.C., while fleeing Caesar’s troops, Ptolemy XIII drowned in the Nile River near Alexandria. Cleopatra and Julius Caesarĭespite a dramatic age difference-Caesar was about 30 years older than Cleopatra-and the fact that he was married, they began a romantic relationship, and he pledged his support for her. From her exile in Syria, Cleopatra turned to Julius Caesar, then a general and politician intent on becoming Rome’s sole dictator, for help regaining her throne.
The warring siblings were no different, and they quickly aligned themselves with different sides in Rome’s own brewing civil war. In response, Cleopatra briefly fled to Roman-controlled Syria.Ĭleopatra’s father had been sympathetic to-and reliant on-Rome during his rule.
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But the young king wanted the throne for himself, and civil war soon broke out as they formed factions to help them gain full power. At first, she ruled jointly with the younger Ptolemy XIII, even marrying him in a nod to Egyptian tradition. Cleopatra, then 18, was plunged into a controversy over which of Ptolemy XII’s children should rule Egypt. Photographs By KENNETH GARRETT, Nat Geo Image Collection How did she come to rule Egypt? Coins found bearing her image tell conflicting stories of what Cleopatra might have looked like. Right: A bronze coin with the profile of Cleopatra wearing a diadem. Her life would be inextricably bound to unrest in Egypt-and the politics of the Roman Empire. As a result, Cleopatra grew up speaking Koine Greek, though she was reportedly the only one of her lineage to also learn Egyptian. Though the Ptolemaic Kingdom had adopted some Egyptian religious traditions, it ruled from the largely Greek city of Alexandria. ( Should women rule the world? The queens of ancient Egypt say yes.) Who was Cleopatra?īorn to Egyptian king Ptolemy XII Auletes and an unknown mother in 69 B.C., Cleopatra was a member of an ancient Greek dynasty that had taken over Egypt in 305 B.C.
Here’s what is known about the legendary, yet mysterious, queen. Destined to be the last of her dynasty, the Egyptian pharaoh used seduction and political savvy to further the interests of ancient Egypt in the face of Roman expansion.īut though she is one of the best-known women in history, there’s little that historians and archaeologists can say for sure about Cleopatra. Perhaps no historical figure has so enflamed passions-and debates-than Cleopatra VII. Was she politically astute and bent on using both her gender and her outsized power to further her needs? Certainly.
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